THE PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES, PROTECTION OF RIGHTS AND FULL PARTICIPATION) ACT, 1995 ACT NO. 1 OF 1996 [1st January, 1996] BE it enacted by Parliament in the Forty-sixth Year of the Republic of India as follows:-

An Act to give effect to the Proclamation on the Full Participation and Equality of the People with Disabilities in the Asian and Pacific Region.

WHEREAS the Meeting to Launch the Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons 1993-2002 convened by the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific held at Beijing on 1st to 5th December, 1992, adopted the Proclamation on the Full Participation and Equality of People with Disabilities in the Asian and Pacific Region; AND WHEREAS India is a signatory to the said Proclamation;

AND WHEREAS it is considered necessary to implement the Proclamation aforesaid.

1. Short title, extent and commencement. (1) This Act may be called the Persons With Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995. (2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir. (3) It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification, appoint.

2. Definitions. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,-

(a) "appropriate Government" means,- (i) in relation to the Central Government or any establishment wholly or substantially financed by that Government, or a Cantonment Board constituted under the Cantonment Act, 1924 (2 of 1924), the Central Government; (ii) in relation to a State Government or any establishment wholly or substantially financed by that Government, or any local authority, other than a Cantonment Board, the State Government; (iii) in respect of the Central Coordination Committee and the Central Executive Committee, the Central Government; (iv) in respect of the State Coordination Committee and the State Executive Committee, the State Government;

(b) "blindness" refers to a condition where a person suffers from any of the following conditions, namely:- (i) total absence of sight; or (ii) visual acuity not exceeding 6/60 or 20/200 (snellen) in the better eye with correcting lenses; or (iii) limitation of the field of vision subtending an angle of 20 degree or worse;

(c) "Central Coordination Committee" means the Central Coordination Committee constituted under sub-section (1) of section 3;

(d) "Central Executive Committee" means the Central Executive Committee constituted under sub-section (1) of section 9;

(e) "cerebral palsy" means a group of non-progressive conditions of a person characterised by abnormal motor control posture resulting from brain insult or injuries occurring in the pre-natal, peri-natal or infant period of development;

(f) "Chief Commissioner" means the Chief Commissioner appointed under sub-section (1) of section 57;

(g) "Commissioner" means the Commissioner appointed under sub- section (1) of section 60;

(h) "competent authority" means the authority appointed under section 50;

(i) "disability" means- (i) blindness; (ii) low vision; 3 (iii) leprosy-cured; (iv) hearing impairment; (v) locomotor disability; (vi) mental retardation; (vii) mental illness;

(j) "employer" means,- (i) in relation of a Government, the authority notified by the Head of the Department in this behalf or where no such authority is notified, the Head of the Department; and (ii) in relation to an establishment, the chief executive officer of that establishment;

(k) "establishment" means a corporation established by or under a Central, Provincial or State Act, or an authority or a body owned or controlled or aided by the Government or a local authority or a Government company as defined in section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956) and includes Departments of a Government; (l) "hearing impairment" means loss of sixty decibels or more in the better year in the conversational range of frequencies;

(m) "institution for persons with disabilities" means an institution for the reception, care, protection, education, training, rehabilitation or any other service of persons with disabilities;

(n) "leprosy cured person " means any person who his been cured of leprosy but is suffering from- (i) loss of sensation in hands or feet as well as loss of sensation and paresis in the eye and eye-lid but with no manifest deformity; (ii) manifest deformity and paresis but having sufficient mobility in their hands and feet to enable them to engage in normal economic activity; (iii) extreme physical deformity as well as advanced age which prevents him from undertaking any gainful occupation, and the expression "leprosy cured" shall be construed accordingly;

(o) "locomotor disability" means disability of the bones, joints or muscles leading to substantial restriction of the movement of the limbs or any form of cerebral palsy;

(p) "medical authority" means any hospital or institution specified for the purposes of this Act by notification by the appropriate Government;

(q) "mental illness" means any mental disorder other than mental retardation;

(r) "mental retardation" means a condition of arrested or incomplete development of mind of a person which is specially characterised by subnormality of intelligence;

(s) "notification" means a notification published in the Official Gazette;

(t) "person with disability" means a person suffering from not less than forty per cent. of any disability as certified by a medical authority;

(u) "person with low vision" means a person with impairment of visual functioning even after treatment or standard refractive correction but who uses or is potentially capable of using vision for the planning or execution of a task with appropriate assistive device; 4 (v) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Act;

(w) "rehabilitation" refers to a process aimed at enabling persons with disabilities to reach and maintain their optimal physical, sensory, intellectual, psychiatric or social functional levels;

(x) "Special Employment Exchange" means any office or place established and maintained by the Government for the collection and furnishing of information, either by keeping of registers or otherwise, respecting- (i) persons who seek to engage employees from amongst the persons suffering from disabilities; (ii) persons with disability who seek employment; (iii) vacancies to which person with disability seeking employment may be appointed;

(y) "State Coordination Committee" means the State Coordination Committee constituted under sub-section (1) of section 13;

(z) "State Executive Committee" means the State Executive Committee constituted under sub-section (1) of section 19.

3. Central Coordination Committee. (1) The Central Government shall by notification constitute a body to be known as the Central Coordination Committee to exercise the powers conferred on, and to perform the functions assigned to it, under this Act. (2) The Central Coordination Committee shall consist of- (a) the Minister in charge of the Department of Welfare in the Central Government, Chairperson, ex officio; (b) the Minister of State in-charge of the Department of Welfare in the Central Government, Vice-Chairperson, ex officio; (c) Secretaries to the Government of India in-charge of the Departments of Welfare, Education, Woman and Child Development, Expenditure, Personnel, Training and Public Grievances, Health, Rural Development, Industrial Development, Urban Affairs and Employment, Science and Technology, Legal Affairs, Public Enterprises, Members, ex officio; (d) Chief Commissioner, Member, ex officio; (e) Chairman Railway Board, Member, ex officio; (f) Director-General of Labour, Employment and Training, Member, ex officio; (g) Director, National Council for Educational Research and Training, Member, ex officio; (h) three Members of Parliament, of whom two shall be elected by the House of the People and one by the Council of States, Members; (i) three persons to be nominated by the Central Government to represent the interests, which in the opinion of that Government ought to be represented, Members; (j) Directors of the- (i) National Institute for the Visually Handicapped, Dehradun; (ii) National Institute for the Mentally Handicapped, Secundrabad; 5 (iii) National Institute for the Orthopaedically Handicapped, Calcutta; (iv) Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped, Bombay, Members, ex officio; (k) four Members to be nominated by the Central Government by rotation to represent the States and the Union territories in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government: Provided that no appointment under this clause shall be made except on the recommendation of the State Government or, as the case may be, the Union territory; (l) five persons as far as practicable, being persons with disabilities, to represent lion-governmental organisations or associations which are concerned with disabilities, to be nominated by the Central Government, one from each area of disability, Members: Provided that while nominating persons under this clause, the Central Government shall nominate at least one woman and one person belonging to Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes; (m) Joint Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry of Welfare dealing with the welfare of the handicapped, Member-Secretary, ex officio. (3) The office of the Member of the Central Coordination Committee shall not disqualify its holder for being chosen as or for being a Member of either House of Parliament.

4. Term of office of Members. (1) Save as otherwise provided by or under this Act a Member of Central Coordination Committee nominated under clause (i) or clause (1) of sub-section (2) of section 3 shall hold office for a term of three years from the date of his nomination: Provided that such a Member shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office. (2) The term of office of an ex officio Member shall come to an end as soon as he ceases to hold the office by virtue of which he was so nominated. (3) The Central Government may if it thinks fit remove any Member nominated under clause (i) or clause (1) of sub-section (2) of section 3, before the expiry of his term of office after giving him a reasonable opportunity of showing cause against the same. (4) A Member nominated under clause (i) or clause (1) of sub- section (2) of section 3 may at any time resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Central Government and the seat of the said Member shall thereupon become vacant. (5) A casual vacancy in the Central Coordination Committee shall be filled by a fresh nomination and the person nominated to fill the vacancy shall hold office only for the remainder of the term for which the Member in whose place he was so nominated. (6) A Member nominated under clause (i) or clause (1) of sub- section (2) of section 3 shall be eligible for renomination. (7) Members nominated under clause (i) and clause (1) of sub- section (2) of section 3 shall receive such allowances as may be prescribed by the Central Government.

5. Disqualifications. (1) No person shall be a Member of the Central Coordination Committee, who-- (a) is, or at any time has been, adjudged insolvent or has suspended payment of his debts or has compounded with his creditors, or (b) is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court, or (c) is or has been convicted of an offence which, in the opinion of the Central Government, involves moral turpitude, or 6 (d) is or at any time has been convicted of an offence under this Act, or (e) has so abused in the opinion of the Central Government his position as a Member as to render his continuance in the Central Coordination Committee detrimental to the interests of the general public. (2) No order of removal shall be made by the Central Government under this section unless the Member concerned has been given a reasonable opportunity of showing cause against the same. (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) or sub-section (6) of section 4, a Member who has been removed under this section shall not be eligible for renomination as a Member.

6. Vaction of seats by Members. If a Member of the Central Coordination Committee becomes subject to any of the disqualifications specified in section 5, his scat shall become vacant.

7. Meetings of the Central Coordination Committee. The Central Coordination Committee shall meet at least once in every six months and shall observe such rules of procedure in regard to the transaction of business at its meetings as may be prescribed by the Central Government.

8. Functions of the Central Coordination Committee. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the function of the Central Coordination Committee shall be to serve as the national focal point on disabilty matters and facilitate the continuous evolution of a comprehensive policy towards solving the problems faced by persons with disabilities. (2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the Central Coordination Committee may perform all or any of the following functions, namely:- (a) review and coordinate the activities of all the Departments of Government and other Governmental and non- Governmental Organisations which are dealing with matters relating to persons with disabilities; (b) develop a national policy to address issues faced by persons with disabilities; (c) advise the Central Government on the formulation of policies, programmes, legislation and projects with respect to disability; (d) take up the cause of persons with disabilities with the concerned authorities and the international organisations with a view to provide for schemes and projects for the disabled in the national plans and other programmes and policies evolved by the international agencies; (e) review in consultation with the donor agencies their funding policies from the perspective of their impact on persons with disabilities; (f) take such other steps to ensure barrier free environment in public places, work places, public utilities, schools and other institutions; (g) monitor and evaluate the impact of policies and programmes designed for achieving equality and full participation of persons with disabilities; (h) to perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the Central Government.

9. Central Executive Committee. (1) The Central Government shall constitute a Committee to be known as the Central Executive Committee to perform the functions assigned to it under this Act. (2) The Central Executive Committee shall consist of- (a) the Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry of Welfare, Chair-person, ex officio; (b) the Chief Commissioner, Member, ex officio; 7 (c) the Director-General for Health Services, Member, ex officio; (d) the Director-General, Employment and Training, Member, ex officio; (e) six persons not below the rank of a Joint Secretary to the Government of India, to represent the Ministries or Departments of Rural Development, Education, Welfare, Personnel Public Grievances and Pension and Urban Affairs and Employment, Science and Technology, Members, ex officio; (f) the Financial Advisor, Ministry of Welfare in the Central Government, Member, ex officio; (g) Advisor (Tariff) Railway Board, Member, ex officio; (h) four members to be nominated by the Central Government, by rotation, to represent the State Governments and the Union territories in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government; (i) one person to be nominated by the Central Government to represent the interest, which in the opinion of the Central Government ought to be represented, Member; (j) five persons, as far as practicable, being persons with disabilities, to represent non-governmental organisations or associations which are concerned with dis- abilities, to be nominated by the Central Government, one from each area of disability, Members: Provided that while nominating persons under this clause, the Central Government shall nominate at least one woman and one person belonging to Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes; (k) Joint Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry of Welfare dealing with the welfare of the handicapped, Member-Secretary, ex officio. (3) Members nominated under clause (i) and clause (j) of sub- section (2) shall receive such allowances as may be prescribed by the Central Government. (4) A Member nominated under clause (i) or clause (j) of sub- section (2) may at any time resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Central Government and the scat of the said ember shall thereupon become vacant.

10. Functions of the Central Executive Committee. (1) The Central Executive Committee shall be the executive body of the Central Coordination Committee and shall be responsible for carrying out the decisions of the Central Coordination Committee. (2) Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-section (1), the Central Executive Committee shall also perform such other functions as may be delegated to it by the Central Coordination Committee.

11. Meetings of the Central Executive Committee. The Central Executive Committee shall meet at least once in three months and shall observe such rules of procedure in regard to the transaction of business at its meetings as may be prescribed by the Central Government.

12. Temporary association of persons with Central Executive Committee for particular purposes.

12. Temporary association of persons with Central Executive Committee for particular purposes. (1) The Central Executive Committee may associate with itself in such manner and for such purposes as may be prescribed by the Central Government any person whose assistance or advice it may desire to obtain in performing any of its functions under this Act. (2) A person associated with the Central Executive Committee under sub-section (1) for any purpose shall have the right to take part in the discussions of the Central Executive Committee relevant to that purpose, but shall not have a right to vote at a meeting of the said Committee, and shall not be a member for any other purpose. 8 (3) A person associated with the said Committee under sub- section (1) for any purpose shall be paid such fees and allowances, for attending its meetings and for attending to any other work of the said Committee, as may be prescribed by the Central Government.

13. State Coordination Committee. (1) Every State Government shall, by notification, constitute a body to be known as the State Coordination Committee to exercise the powers conferred on, and to perform the function assigned to it, under this Act. (2) the State Coordination Committee shall consist of- (a) The Minister in-charge of the Department of Social Welfare in the State Government, Chairperson, ex officio; (b) the Minister of State in-charge of the Department of Social Welfare, if any, Vice-Chairperson, ex officio; (c) Secretaries to the State Government in-charge of the Departments of Welfare, Education, Woman and Child Development, Expenditure, Personnel Training and Public Grievances, Health, Rural Development, Industrial Development, Urban Affairs and Employment, Science and Technology, Public Enterprises, by whatever name called, Members, ex officio; (d) Secretary of any other Department which the State Government considers necessary, Member, ex officio; (e) Chairman Bureau of Public Enterprises (by whatever name called) Member, ex officio; (f) five persons, as far as practicable, being persons with disabilities, to represent non-governmental organisations or associations which are concerned with dis- abilities, to be nominated by the State Government, one from each area of disability, Members: Provided that while nominating persons under this clause, the State Government shall nominate at least one woman and one person belonging to Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes; (g) three Members of State Legislature, of whom two shall, be elected by the Legislative Assembly and one by the Legislative Council, if any; (h) three persons to be nominated by that State Government to represent agriculture, industry or trade or any other interest, which in the opinion of State Government ought to be represented, Members, ex officio; (i) the Commissioner, Member, ex officio; Secretary to the State Government dealing with the welfare of the handicapped, Member-Secretary, ex officio. (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, no State Coordination Committee shall be constituted for a Union territory and in relation to a Union territory, the Central Coordination Committee shall exercise the functions and perform the functions of a State Coordination Committee for the Union territory: Provided that in relation to a Union territory, the Central Coordination Committee may delegate all or any of its powers and functions under this sub-section to such person or body of persons as the Central Government may specify.

14. Terms and conditions of service of members. (1) Save as otherwise provided by or under this Act, a Member of a State Coordi- nation Committee nominated-under clause (f) or clause (h) of sub- section (2) of section 13 shall hold office for a term of three years from the date of his nomination: Provided that such a Member shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office. (2) The term of office of an ex officio Member shall come to an end as soon as he ceases to hold the office by virtue of which he was so nominated. (3) The State Government may, if it thinks fit, remove any Member nominated under clause (f) or clause (h) of sub-section (2) of section 13, before the expiry of his term of office after giving him a reasonable opportunity of showing cause against the same. (4) A Member nominated under clause (f) or clause (h) of sub- section (2) of section 13 may, at any time, resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the State Government and the seat of the said Member shall thereupon become vacant. (5) A casual vacancy in. the State Coordination Committee shall be filled by a fresh nomination and the person nominated to fill the vacancy shall hold office only for the remainder of the term for which the Member in whose place he was so nominated. (6) A Member nominated under clause (f) and clause (h) of sub- section (2) of section 13 shall be eligible for renomination. (7) Members nominated under clause (f) and clause (h) of sub- section (2) of section 13 shall receive such allowances as may be prescribed by the State Government.

15. Disqualifications. (1) No person shall be a Member of the State Coordination Committee, who- (a) is, or at any time, has been adjudged insolvent or has suspended payment of his debts or has compounded with his creditors, or (b) is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court, or (c) is or has been convicted of an offence which in the opinion of the State Government involves moral turpitude, or (d) is or at any time has been convicted of an offence under this Act, or (e) has so abused, in the opinion of the State Government, his position as a member as to render his continuance in the State Coordination Committee detrimental to the interests of the general public. (2) No order of removal shall be made by the State Government under this section unless the Member concerned has been given a reasonable opportunity of showing cause against the same. (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) or sub-section (6) of section 14, a Member who has been removed under this section shall not be eligible for renomination as a Member.

16. Vacation of seats. If a Member of the State Coordination Committee becomes subject to any of the disqualifications specified in section 15, his seat shall become vacant.

17. Meetings of the State Coordination Committee. The State Coordination Committee shall meet at least once in every six months and shall observe such rules of procedure in regard to the transaction of business at its meetings as may be prescribed.

18. Functions of the State Coordination Committee. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the function of the State Coordination Committee shall be to serve as the state focal point on disability matters and facilitate the continuous evolution of a comprehensive policy towards solving the problems faced by persons with disabilities. (2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing function the State Coordination Committee may, within the State perform all or any of the following functions, namely:- (a) review and coordinate the activities of all the Departments of Government and other Governmental and non- Governmental Organisations which arc dealing with matters relating to persons with disabilities; (b) develop a State policy to address issues faced by persons with disabilities; (c) advise the State Government on the formulation of policies, programmes, legislation and projects with respect to disability; (d) review, in consultation with the donor agencies, their funding policies from the perspective of their impact on persons with disabilities; (e) take such other steps to ensure barrier free environment in public places, work places, public utilities, schools and other institutions; (f) monitor and evaluate the impact of policies and programmes designed for achieving equality and full participation of persons with disabilities; (g) to perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the State Government.

19. State Executive Committee. (1) The State Government shall constitute a committee to be known as the State Executive Committee to perform the functions assigned to it under this Act. (2) The State Executive Committee shall consist of- (a) the Secretary, Department of Social Welfare, Chairperson, ex officio; (b) the Commissioner, Member, ex officio; (c) nine persons not below the rank of a Joint Secretary to the State Government, to represent the Departments of Health, Finance, Rural Development, Education, Welfare, Personnel Public Grievances, Urban Affairs Labour and Employment, Science and Technology, Members, ex officio; (d) one person to be nominated by the State Government to represent the interest, which in the opinion of the State Government ought to be represented, Member; (e) five persons, as far as practicable being persons with disabilities, to represent non-governmental organisations or associations which are concerned with dis- abilities, to be nominated by the State Government, one from each area of disability, Members: Provided that while nominating persons under this clause, the State Government shall nominate at least one woman and one person belonging to Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes; (f) Joint Secretary dealing with the disability division in the Department of Welfare, Member-Secretary, ex officio. (3) Members nominated under clause (d) and clause (e) of sub- section (2) shall receive such allowances as may be prescribed by the State Government. (4) A Member nominated under clause (d) or clause (e) may at any time resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the State Government and the seat of the said Member shall thereupon become vacant.

20. Functions of the State Executive Committee. (1) The State Executive Committee shall be the executive body of the State Coor- dination Committee and shall be responsible for carrying out the decisions of the State Coordination Committee. (2) Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-section (1), the State Executive Committee shall also perform such other functions as may be delegated to it by the State Coordination Committee.

21. Meetings of the State Executive Committee. The State Executive Committee shall meet at least once in three months and shall observe such rules of procedure in regard to the transaction of business at its meetings as may he prescribed by the State Government.

22. Temporary association of persons with State Executive Committee for particular purposes.

22. Temporary association of persons with State Executive Committee for particular purposes. (1) The State Executive Committee may associate with itself in such manner and for such purposes as may be prescribed by the State Government any person whose assistance or advice it may desire to obtain in performing any of its functions under this Act. (2) A person associated with the State Executive Committee under sub-section (1) for any purpose shall have the right to take part in the discussions of the State Executive Committee relevant to that purpose, but shall not have a right to vote at a meeting of the said Committee and shall not be a member for any other purpose. (3) A person associated with the said Committee under sub- section (1) for any purpose shall be paid such fees and a allowances, for attending its meetings and for attending to any other work of the said Committee, as may be prescribed by the State Government.

23. Power to give directions. In the performance of its functions under this Act,- (a) the Central Coordination Committee shall be bound by such directions in writing, as the Central Government may give to it; and (b) the State Coordination Committee shall be bound by such directions in writing, as the Central Coordination Committee or the State Government may give to it: Provided that where a direction given by the State Government is inconsistent with any direction given by the Central Coordination Committee, the matter shall be referred to the Central Government for its decision.

24. Vacancies not to invalidate proceedings. No act or proceeding of the Central Coordination Committee, the Central Executive Committee, a State Coordination Committee or a State Executive Committee shall be called in question on the ground merely on the existence of any vacancy in or any defect in the constitution of such Committees.

25. Appropriate Governments and local authorities to take certain steps for the prevention of occurrence of disabilities.

25. Appropriate Governments and local authorities to take certain steps for the prevention of occurrence of disabilities. Within the limits of their economic capacity and development, the appropriate Governments and the local authorities, with a view to preventing the occurrence of disabilities, shall- (a) undertake or cause to be undertaken surveys, investigations and research concerning the cause of occurrence of disabilities; (b) promote various methods of preventing disabilities; (c) screen all the children at least once in a year for the purpose of identifying "at-risk" cases; (d) provide facilities for training to the staff at the primary health centres; (e) sponsor or cause to be sponsored awareness campaigns and disseminate or cause to be disseminated information for general hygiene, health and sanitation; (f) take measures for pre-natal, perinatal and post- natal care of mother and child; 12 (g) educate the public through the pre-schools, schools, primary health centres, village level workers and anganwadi workers; (h) create awareness amongst the masses through television. radio and other mass media on the causes of disabilities and the preventive measures to he adopted.

26. Appropriate Governments and local authorities to provide children with disabilities free education, etc.

]26. Appropriate Governments and local authorities to provide children with disabilities free education, etc. The appropriate Governments and the local authorities shall- (a) ensure that every child with a disability has access to free education in an appropriate environment till he attains the age of eighteen years; (b) endeavour to promote the integration of students with disabilities in the normal schools; (c) promote setting up of special schools in Government and private sector for those in need of special education, in such a manner that children with disabilities living in any part of the country have access to such schools; (d) endeavour to equip the special schools for children with disabilities with vocational training facilities.

27. Appropriate Governments and local authorities to make schemes and programmes for non-formal education, etc.

27. Appropriate Governments and local authorities to make schemes and programmes for non-formal education, etc. The appropriate Governments and the local authorities shall by notification make schemes for- (a) conducting part-time classes in respect of children with disabilities who having completed education up to class fifth and could not continue their studies on a whole-time basis; (b) conducting special part-time classes for providing functional literacy for children in the age group of sixteen and above; (c) imparting non-formal education by utilizing the available manpower in rural areas after giving them appropriate orientation; (d) imparting education through open schools or open universities; (e) conducting class and discussions through interactive electronic or other media; (f) providing every child with disability free of cost special books and equipments needed for his education.

28. Research for designing and developing new assistive devices, teaching aids, etc.

28. Research for designing and developing new assistive devices, teaching aids, etc. The appropriate Governments shall initiate or cause to be initiated research by official and non-governmental agencies for the purpose of designing and developing new assistive devices, teaching aids, special teaching materials or such other items as are necessary to give a child with disability equal opportunities in education.

29. Appropriate Governments to set up teachers' training institutions to develop trained manpower for schools for children with disabilities.

29. Appropriate Governments to set up teachers' training institutions to develop trained manpower for schools for children with disabilities. The appropriate Governments shall set up adequate number of teachers' training institutions and assist the national institutes and other voluntary organisations to develop teachers' training programmes specialising in disabilities so that requisite trained manpower is available for special schools and integrated schools for children with disabilities.

30. Appropriate Governments to prepare a comprehensive education scheme providing for transport facilities, supply of books, etc.

30. Appropriate Governments to prepare a comprehensive education scheme providing for transport facilities, supply of books, etc. Without prejudice to the foregoing provisions, the appropriate Governments shall by notification prepare a comprehensive education scheme which shall make provision for- (a) transport facilities to the children with disabilities or in the alternative financial incentives to parents or guardians to enable their children with disabilities to attend schools; (b) the removal of architectural barriers from schools. colleges or other institutions imparting vocational and professional training; (c) the supply of books, uniforms and other materials to children with disabilities attending school; (d) the grant of scholarship to students with disabilities; (e) setting up of appropriate fora for the redressal of grievances of parents regarding the placement of their children with disabilities; (f) suitable modification in the examination system to eliminate purely mathematical questions for the benefit of blind students and students with low vision; (g) restructuring of curriculum for the benefit of children with disabilities; (h) restructuring the curriculum for benefit of students with hearing impairment to facilitate them to take only one language as part of their curriculum.

31. Educational institutions to provide amanuensis to students with visual handicap.

31. Educational institutions to provide amanuensis to students with visual handicap. All educational institutions shall provide or cause to be provided amanuensis to blind students and students with or low vision.

32. Identification of posts which can be reserved for persons with disabilities.

32. Identification of posts which can be reserved for persons with disabilities. Appropriate Governments shall- (a) identify posts, in the establishments, which can be reserved for the persons with disability; (b) at periodical intervals not exceeding three years, review the list of posts identified and up-date the list taking into consideration the developments in technology.

33. Reservation of posts. Every appropriate Government shall appoint in every establishment such percentage of vacancies not less than three per cent. for persons or class of persons with disability of which one per cent. each shall be reserved for persons suffering from- (i) blindness or low vision; (ii) hearing impairment; (iii) locomotor disability or cerebral palsy, in the posts identified for each disability: Provided that the appropriate Government may, having regard to the type of work carried on in any department or establishment, by notification subject to such conditions, if any, as may be specified in such notification, exempt any establishment from the provisions of this section.

34. Special Employment Exchange. (1) The appropriate Government may by notification, require that from such date as may be specified, by notification, the employer in every establishment shall furnish such information or return as may be prescribed in relation to vacancies appointed for persons with disability that have occurred or arc about to occur in that establishment to such Special Employment Exchange as may be prescribed and the establishment shall thereupon comply with such requisition. (2) The form in which and the intervals of time for which information or returns shall be furnished and the particulars, they shall contain shall be such as may be prescribed.

35. Power to inspect record or document in possession of any establishment.

35. Power to inspect record or document in possession of any establishment. Any person authorised by the Special Employment Exchange in writing, shall have access to any relevant record or document in the possession of any establishment and may enter at any reasonable time and premises where he believes such record or document to be, and inspect or take copies of relevant records or documents or ask any question necessary for obtaining any information.

36. Vacancies not filled up to be carried forward. Where in any recruitment year any vacancy under section 33, cannot be filled up due to non-availability of a suitable person with disability or, for any other sufficient reason, such vacancy shall be carried forward in the succeeding recruitment year and if in the succeeding recruitment year also suitable person with disability is not available, it may first be filled by interchange among the three categories and only when there is no person with disability available for the post in that year, the employer shall fill up the vacancy by appointment of a person, other than a person with disability: Provided that if the nature of vacancies in an establishment is such that a given category of person can not be employed, the vacancies may be interchanged among the three categories with the prior approval of the appropriate Government.

37. Employers to maintain records. (1) Every employer shall maintain such record in relation to the person with disability employed in his establishment in such form and in such manner as may be prescribed by the appropriate Government. (2) The records maintained under sub-section (1) shall be open to inspection at all reasonable hours by such persons as may be authorised in this behalf by general or special order by the appropriate Government.

38. Schemes for ensuring employment of persons with disabilities.

38. Schemes for ensuring employment of persons with disabilities. (1) The appropriate Governments and local authorities shall by notification formulate schemes for ensuring employment of persons with disabilities, and such schemes may provide for- (a) the training and welfare of persons with disabilities; (b) the relaxation of upper age limit; (c) regulating the employment; (d) health and safety measures and creation of a non- handicapping environment in places where persons with disabilities are employed; (e) the manner in which and the persons by whom the cost of operating the schemes is to be defrayed; and (f) constituting the authority responsible for the administration of the scheme.

39. All educational institutions to reserve seats for persons with disabilities.

39. All educational institutions to reserve seats for persons with disabilities. All Government educational institutions and other educational institutions receiving aid from the Government, shall reserve not less than three percent. seats for persons with disabilities.

40. Vacancies to be reserved in poverty alleviation schemes.

40. Vacancies to be reserved in poverty alleviation schemes. The appropriate Governments and local authorities shall reserve not less than three per cent. in all poverty alleviation schemes for the benefit of persons with disabilities.

41. Incentives to employers to ensure five per cent of the work force is composed of persons with disabilities.

41. Incentives to employers to ensure five percent of the work force is composed of persons with disabilities. The appropriate Governments and the local authorities shall, within the limits of their economic capacity and development, provide incentives to employers both in public and private sectors to ensure that at least five per cent. of their work force is composed of persons with disabilities.

42. Aids and appliances to persons with disabilities. The appropriate Governments shall by notification make schemes to provide aids and appliances to persons with disabilities.

43. Schemes for preferential allotment of land for certain purposes.

43. Schemes for preferential allotment of land for certain purposes. The appropriate Governments and local authorities shall by notification frame schemes in favour of persons with disabilities, for the preferential allotment of land at concessional rates for- (a) house; (b) setting up business; (c) setting up of special recreation centres; (d) establishment of special schools; (e) establishment of research centres; (f) establishment of factories by entrepreneurs with disabilities.

44. Non-discrimination in transport. Establishments in the transport sector shall, within the limits of their economic capacity and development for the benefit of persons with disabilities, take special measures to- (a) adapt rail compartments, buses, vessels and aircrafts in such a way as to permit easy access to such persons; (b) adapt toilets in rail compartments, vessels, aircrafts and waiting rooms in such a way as to permit the wheel chair users to use them conveniently.

45. Non-discrimination on the road. The appropriate Governments and the local authorities shall, within the limits of their economic capacity and development, provide for- (a) installation of auditory signals at red lights in the public roads for the benefit of persons with visually handicap; (b) causing curb cuts and slopes to be made in pavements for the easy access of wheel chair users; (c) engraving on the surface of the zebra crossing for the blind or for persons with low vision; (d) engraving on the edges of railway platforms for the blind or for persons with low vision; (e) devising appropriate symbols of disability; (f) warning signals at appropriate places.

46. Non-discrimination in the built environment. The appropriate Governments and the local authorities shall, within the limits of their economic capacity and development. provide for- (a) ramps in public buildings; (b) adaptation of toilets for wheel chair users; (c) braille symbols and auditory signals in elevators or lifts: (d) ramps in hospitals. primary health centres and other medical care and rehabilitation institutions.

47. Non-discrimination in Government employment. (1) No establishment shall dispense with, or reduce in rank, an employee who acquires a disability during his service: Provided that if an employee after acquiring disability is not suitable for the post he was holding, could be shifted to some other post With the same pay scale and service benefits: Provided further that if it is not possible to adjust the employee against any post, he may be kept on a supernumeracy post until a suitable post is available or he attains the age of superannuation, whichever is earlier. (2) No promotion shall he denied to a person merely on the ground of his disability; Provided that the appropriate Government may, having regard to the type of work carried on in any establishment, by notification and subject to such conditions, if any, as may he specified in such notification, exempt any establishment from the provisions of this section.

48. Research. The appropriate Governments and local authorities shall promote and sponsor research, inter alia, in the following areas:- (a) prevention of disability; (b) rehabilitation including community based rehabilitation; (c) development of assistive devices including their psycho- social aspects; (d) job identification; (e) on site modifications in offices and factories.

49. Financial incentives to Universities to enable them to undertake research.

49. Financial incentives to Universities to enable them to undertake research. The appropriate Governments shall provide financial assistance to universities, other institutions of higher learning, professional bodies and nongovernmental research-. units or institutions, for undertaking research for special education, rehabilitation and manpower development.